With the birth of geosciences and then of computational geosciences, people’s attitude towards the world has changed. People are no longer passive observers but rather more proactive players in their environment, and the knowledge gained from computational geosciences has been used to save lives and prepare for future scenarios. Now, with the Exascale computing era dawning upon us, even more accurate, clearer, and faster data will be within our reach. However, computational methods and codes need to be reshaped and honed, and geoscientists need to be prepared for the upcoming challenges.

The geoscience community is multidisciplinary and transversal, encompassing Earth observatories (e.g., monitoring networks, data providers, tsunami warning centres, etc.), research and academia, model developers, and, finally, model end-users and social agents.

From a scientific point of view, the entire community is facing scientific breakthrough problems for which researchers need to share their knowledge and experience and make roadmap recommendations in order to contribute to the advancement of this rapidly growing field. The “Solid Earth and Geohazards in the Exascale Era” conference brought together some of the world’s best minds in various branches of computational geosciences to jointly tackle challenges and issues of Exascale computing.

Europe is making a huge effort in the strategic global race to Exascale, with large investments in the infrastructure and the application pillars (e.g., Centers of Excellence and national Competence Centers).

In 2023 the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking deployed 3 Pre-exascale machines (LUMI, Leonardo, and MareNostrum-V), and 2 Exascale systems will follow afterwards. From the point of view of science and services, this unprecedented pan-European infrastructure opens a myriad of possibilities but, at the same time, the transition is challenging and requires a joint effort from (geo)scientists, software developers, and data analysts.

The participation of key players in the Galileo Conference underscored the collaborative spirit and expertise driving the field forward:

• Marc de la Asunción from UMA delved into the development of Tsunami-HySEA in his talk “Towards exascale-prepared codes for tsunami simulation,” highlighting the steps being taken towards optimizing geohazard simulation codes for Exascale computing.

• Arnau Folk of GEO3BCN – CSIC presented the second phase of ChEESE in the short talk “HPC projects in the Solid Earth ecosystem,” demonstrating the project’s commitment to harnessing High-Performance Computing (HPC) for earth sciences research.

• Piero Lanucara, representing CINECA, elucidated the ChEESE-2P project with his presentation “Leonardo: A Simulator4Earth,” showcasing the capabilities of the Leonardo infrastructure in advancing earth system simulations.

• Alejandra Guerrero, also from GEO3BCN – CSIC, shared insights on the “Volcanic ash dispersal and deposition workflow on HPC” through a poster presentation, emphasizing the importance of high-performance computing in volcanic hazard assessment.

• Farnaz Bayat from IMO introduced her work on “A first look at the calibration of near-fault motion models to synthetic big data from CyberShake’s application to the Southwest Iceland transform zone” via a poster, pointing towards innovative approaches in seismic hazard analysis using HPC.

These contributions at the 11th EGU Galileo Conference: “Solid Earth and Geohazards in the Exascale Era,” not only highlighted the current advancements in computational geosciences but also set the stage for future collaborative efforts to tackle the challenges posed by the Exascale computing era.